VOLCANO IN INDONESIA AND SINABUNG AND KELUD (My Esai Asia Summer)

Geography of Indonesia dominated by volcanoes that are formed due to subduction zones between the Eurasian Plate Indo - Australian danlempeng . Some famous for its volcanic eruptions , such as Krakatoa , whose eruption impact globally in 1883 , Lake Toba eruption is estimated Supervulkan occurred 74,000 years before present which caused the volcanic winter for six years , and the eruption of Mount Tamboradengan most severe ever recorded in history in 1815 .

Volcanoes in Indonesia are part of the Pacific Ring of Fire . 150 entries in this list are grouped into six geographical regions , four of which have a volcano in the Sunda Arc lineup . The other two areas include Halmahera volcanoes including volcanic islands in the vicinity, as well as volcanoes diSulawesi and Sangihe . The last region to be in a volcanic arc volcanoes Philippines .

The most active volcanoes are Kelut and Merapi on Java , which is responsible for thousands of deaths due to eruptions in the region . Since the year 1000 AD , Kelut has erupted more than 30 times , the most powerful 5 Volcanic eruption explosivity index ( VEI ) , [ 4 ] while Merapi has erupted more than 80 times . [ 5 ] International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of Earth Interior named Merapi as This Decade Volcano since 1995 because of very high volcanic activity

Until 2012, Indonesia has 127 active volcanoes with about 5 million inhabitants residing in the vicinity . Since December 26, 2004 , after a massive earthquake and tsunami , volcanic eruption all patterns change , such as Mount Sinabung , which last erupted in the 1600s , but suddenly active again in 2010 and erupted in 2013 .

A. Kelud

Kelud is one of the 130 active volcanoes in Indonesia . A large number of these , among others, due to the pacific ring of fire lines that pass through the territory of Indonesia .

Kelud last eruption occurred in 1990. When the smoke and lava , killing more than 30 people and hundreds were injured . In 1919 , which still sounds great eruption from a distance of hundreds of kilometers , killing 5160 people .

In 2014, the 1731 -meter high volcano has been turbulent since a few weeks ago . Thursday ( 2/13/14 ) , Kelud finally erupted . Burst of ash reaching heights of up to 30 km into the air , which resulted in a thick ash covered streets , 2 to 3 cm .

Kelud is one of the 130 active volcanoes in Indonesia . There are about 400 volcanoes in Indonesia . The cause of the large number of volcanoes in part because Indonesia is crossed by the Pacific ring of fire lanes .

The Indonesian archipelago is located in the region with the most active seismic waves in the world , the Pacific ring of fire , and alpide belt . Pacific ring of fire is greatest earthquake belt in the world , because it passes through Chile to Japan and Southeast Asia .

In the Pacific ring of fire lanes , there are 40 percent who are still active volcanoes . The line is shaped like a horseshoe around the Pacific Ocean basin with a length of about 40,000 km .

In addition to being in the path of the fire ring , Indonesia is also traversed by paths 3 meeting of tectonic plates . Namely , the Indo - Australian , Eurasian plate and the Pacific plate . If one plate moves , it will cause earthquakes , volcanic eruptions and even tsunamis .

According to research by the U.S. Geological Survey agency ( USGS ) since 1900 along the ring of fire lanes each year an average of 20 earthquakes with a strength of more than 7.0 on the Richter scale .

Large earthquakes with the most severe impact occurred December 26, 2004 with a strength of 9.3 on the Richter scale , or better known as the Tsunami disaster . Flood wave that followed killed more than 220,000 people . 160,000 of whom are residents of the province.

B. Sinabung

Mount Sinabung ( Karo language : Please see the Sinabung ) is a volcano in Karo Highlands , Karo District , North Sumatra , Indonesia . Sinabung with Sibayak nearby are two active volcanoes in North Sumatra and became the highest peak in the province . This mountain is 2,460 meters .

This mountain has never recorded erupted since 1600 , but suddenly active again with erupted in 2010 . The last eruption of this mountain occurred since September 2013 and lasted until now .

On August 27, 2010 , this mountain of smoke and volcanic ash . [ 3 ] On August 29, 2010 early morning at around 00:15 pm ( August 28, 2010 , 17:15 UTC ) , Mount Sinabung put out lava .

This mountain was raised to the status of Caution . Twelve thousand people were evacuated and accommodated in the surrounding 8 locations . Sinabung ash tends to slide from the southwest toward the northeast . Most of the city of Medan are also covered ash from Mount Sinabung . Polonia Airport in Medan city suffered no disruption of air travel . One person reportedly died of respiratory distress when displaced from her home

On September 3 , 2 eruption occurs . The first eruption occurred at around 4:45 pm while the second eruption occurred around 18:00 pm . The first eruption ejects dust vuklkanis as high as 3 kilometers . Letuasn both coincided with volcanic earthquakes that can be felt up to 25 kilometers around the mountain .

On September 7 , Mount Sinabung back metelus . This is the largest eruption since it became active mountain on August 29, 2010 . The cracking noise was heard a distance of 8 kilometers . The ejected volcanic ash up to 5,000 meters in the air .

In 2013 , Mount Sinabung erupts again , until 18 September 2013 , there have been 4 eruptions . The first eruption occurred there dated 15 September 2013 in the morning, then going back in the afternoon . On 17 September 2013 , there were two eruptions in the afternoon and evening . [ 15 ] The eruption is releasing hot clouds and volcanic ash . [ 16 ] [ 17 ] [ 16 ] There is no previous signs of increased activity so no prior warning . Ashfall reached Sibolangit region and Berastagi . No casualties were reported , but thousands of nearby residents were forced to evacuate to a safe area .

As a result of these events , the status of Mount Sinabung be raised to level 3 alert . Once the activity is quite high for a few days , on 29 September 2013 was lowered to level 2 status , Watchful . However, the activity does not stop , and his condition fluctuated .

Entering the month of November, an increase in activity with eruptions are getting stronger , so on November 3 , 2013 at 3:00 elevated back into standby status . [ 18 ] The evacuation of residents in the surrounding villages within 5 km done .

Eruptions occur many times after that , accompanied by hot clouds glide up to 1.5 km . On the 20 November 2013 eruption occurred six times since the early days . Eruption ( eruption ) occurs again four times on the afternoon since 23 November 2013 , followed the next day , as many as five times . [ 18 ] formed a column of ash as high as 8,000 m above the summit of the mountain . As a result of this series of eruptions , Medan within 80 km to the east of the volcanic ash rain . On November 24 , 2013 at 10:00 Sinabung status was raised to the highest level , level 4 ( Watch it ) . [ 18 ] Residents of 21 villages and 2 hamlets had to be evacuated .

Status level 4 ( Watch it ) it will stay on until well into the year 2014 . Bursts of incandescent lava and hot clouds still happening until January 3, 2014 . [ 20 ] Beginning on January 4, 2014 occurred a series of seismicity , eruptions , and hot clouds glide continuously until the next day . This additional force residents to evacuate , to more than 20 thousand people .

Once these conditions continue to persist , in the last week of January 2014 Sinabung condition stabilized and planned refugees originating from outside the danger radius ( 5 km ) can be sent home . However, a day after 14 people were found dead and three people injured by hot clouds glide while visiting the village of Suka Hilariously , KecamatanPayung who are in the danger zone I.